Browsing by Author "Kim, Sook Young"
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Item 538 A.D. and the Transition from Pagan Roman Empire to Holy Roman Empire: Justinian’s Metamorphosis from Chief of Staffs to Theologian(2017-01-01) Van Wyk, Koot J.; Treiyer, Alberto R.; Shea, William H.; O'Reggio, Trevor; Nam, Dae Geuk; Miller, Nicolas; Lee, Myun Ju; Kwon, Jhung Haeng; Kim, Sook Young; de Kock, Edwin; Damsteegt, Gerard; Ahn, Keum YoungThe year 538 A.D. became the turning point in the history of the Roman Empire since so many aspects on political, administrative and economical levels were already switched off that when Justinian declared himself to be a theologian from this year and no longer a soldier, he crossed the barrier of his mandate between what is purely civil obligation and what is religious obligation, similarly to Constantine before, and entered in competition with the papal function and this role is evidence of Justinian’s ongoing caesaro-papism. The quest for unification of the empire by unification of the church, the fever for church-building projects with his wife Theodora, the persecution of enemies of the church and heretics, his disdain with the Sabbath although his second name was Sabbatini, his support for suppressing any eschatological fever in line with the church fathers and Oecumenius and yet trying to build the ‘Kingdom of God’ on earth, all this indicate the problem 538 was for the Roman Empire and the Catholic Church. Archaeological and historical original sources of Justinian and contemporaries of popes, biographer of Justinian and a commentator on Revelation (Oecumenius) are very revealing of these times and the shift or transition of what belonged to the Roman Empire handed over since 538 A.D. to the church and the papal function. The Code of Justinian was a persecuting instrument. Justinian upheld the supremacy of the papacy. He permitted through the Council of Orleans actions to be done on Sunday that Constantine prohibited like travel and preparation of food and cleaning the house. In Novellae CXLIV Justinian instituted a Seventh-day Sabbath persecution. He changed the times and laws ad hoc as his Novellae XLVI and coins of 538 A.D. (XII year) indicate. Private gatherings were persecuted. He had church-manual laws. Justinian studied Systematic Theology on the nature of Christ and wrote homiletical rules for preachers. He gave textcritical advice to Jews and condemned their doctrinal deviations. This theological hobby of the ruler of the once mighty Roman Empire was to be taken over by a more theological competent power that would eventually lead to papal-caesarism until the unsettling of this new aggrandizing paradigm in 1798 by Napoleon. The prophetic embedding of the 1260 days as “years” prophecies in both Daniel 7 and Revelation 12 definitely started in 538 A.D. contrary to W. Spicer’s (1918) suggestion of 533 or 538 as two alternative dates or any other dates suggested by other scholars in the history of interpretation in historicism. It is also not just a case of history of interpretation hermeneutics but data solidly supported by archaeology, iconography and original historical sources that coincides with the parameters provided by exegesis of the rest of the Books of Daniel and Revelation added with the exegesis of the detail of the passages under consideration. A necessary ingredient for the historical researcher remains to be the faith that God can predict the future and He did and that the data as well as the prophecies of the Biblical Text are evidence of that.
Item Analyzing J. W. Colenso's Unpublished Comments on the Book of Revelation(2018-04-30) Van Wyk, Koot J.; Kim, Sook YoungJohn W. Colenso was an Anglican missionary in South Africa in late 19th
century who took a role as a philanthropic legal advocate for the uncivilized. He
also contributed in pioneering linguistics of Zulu, one of the official languages
used by many in South Africa. However, he is known for his destructive views
on interpretation of the biblical texts, to be evaluated as one “smashing the
Old Testament text,” and it caused him to be disgraced by his own church.
His unpublished comments on the Book of Revelation, personally acquired
to this researcher, are selectively presented and analyzed in this study, and his
methodology of interpretation on the biblical texts examined. It was found that
he invented words that are not in the text, transformed those which are in the
text, and conflated some nouns as identical that are syntactically separated.
He foregrounded interpretation with a preteristic model but backgrounded
it now and then with a historicistic model. These findings confirm the
existing evaluations on his theology. His calculated attempt to break down
the inspiration of the Scripture is one of the biggest ironies regarding his
philanthropic services as a missionary.
Item English Bible Reading: Genesis 4-20(2016-01-01) Kim, Sook YoungIt is a new approach of using ESL for evangelism and nourishment by providing daily devotional material together with English vocabulary and simple grammar studies. It utilizes Band which is a Social Network Service site in South Korea, providing mobile or internet based platforms for people who gather with specific interests. There are about 10 Band groups reading Bible in English, but EBR is one of the leading sites with its unique method of going through 1-2 verses every day with vocabulary study and short commentary together with pictures, maps, and illustration. Genesis 4-20 was added between January and December 2016.
Item In the Beginning God Created the Heavens and the Earth(2015-09-06) Kim, Sook YoungThis Band page was created by the author in order to facilitate the use of English as a tool for evangelism and nourishment. This was achieved by covering one verse from Genesis 1 to 4 each day between September 6th and December 31st for devotionals in English together with vocabulary study and Bible interpretation through pre-studied exegesis.
Item The Warrior Messiah in Scripture and Intertestamental Writings(2010-01-01) Kim, Sook YoungThe picture of the warrior Messiah depicted in the Old Testament as a future redeemer figure matches that of Jesus as the warrior in the New Testament, fighting against the cosmic evil power. The warrior’s struggle takes place in a cosmic, heavenly dimension rather than earthly, utilizing the word from his mouth as the only weapon to defeat the demons and the evil hosts. Strong unity and continuity of the motif are detected within the Old and New Testaments, as well as between the Testaments.[from publisher's website]
Item The “Warrior Messiah” in the Servant Song of Isaiah 52:13-53:12(2021-12-01) van Wyk, Koot; Kim, Sook YoungBy criteria studied, the Servant in the “Servant Song” of Isaiah 52:13-53:12 was identified as the messianic future redeemer figure. The Song was illustrated to be also “warrior messianic.” The language of war such as “arm of the Lord,” “to divide” (ק ל ח), and “spoil” (ל לשׁ), puts the Servant to be in the role of a warrior, an the Song’s whole context as that of a war. The method of the Servant’s conducting a war surfaced; namely, that the war would be through his suffering, humiliation, and death. The essence is brought out that he achieves his triumphal purposes as messianic redeemer against the power of evil by being the sin-bearing sacrifice. This sublime nature of the Servant excludes any analogy of the text to the Baal myth and rather connects the jargon to Daniel 9.
Item Understanding 1 Peter 4:17 in the Context of Pesher Habakkuk Part I(2020-12-01) van Wyk, Koot; Kim, Sook YoungIt was found that 1 Peter 4:17 is like a layer of onion underneath of which are more layers. Behind the New Testament surface was 1QHab, a commentary on Habakkuk. This Qumran text allocated a difference between the judgment for the faithful and the judgment for the evil. Two different houses are referred to: house of Judah (faithful) VII.7 which will be judged on a specific day and not an ongoing process (VI.9-10) and the house of damnation for the wicked in IX.14. So the processes are separated for faithful and the evil. God decreed times for these. It did not start yet and the periods are long. Imminent expectancy is not foremost. The role of Jubilees and Enoch indicates that they were aware of the year-day principle, the 490 years, thus the long periods of Daniel’s prophecy. Since Qumran readers were aware of this principle, aware of the nearness of the First Advent of Christ on the basis of this, the question is what about the correct understanding of the other long periods like the 2300 days/years prophecy? Were the apostles familiar with this also? Since the Investigative Judgment started at the end of the 2300 years in Peter’s future and also Qumran readers, does Peter echo the same expectation of Pesher Habakkuk on a specific day for Judgment of the faithful? Preterists deny that and change the reading of Peter’s text here by inserting extra verbs or modify some elements in the text to download their “persecution” of the faithful explanation. But, since Peter stated that the judgment has yet to start, it was not ongoing at that time. The misreadings by the versions of 1 Peter 4:17 are also dealt with.
Item What was the Vorlage for Hebrews 1:6?: Reconsidering Early Old Testament Texts(2017-04-01) Kim, Sook Young; Van Wyk, Koot J.To find the Vorlage of Hebrews 1:6, various hermeneutic models were studied together with the texts of Targums, so-called LXX, Qumran, Josephus, and Masoretic Text surrounding this citation in Hebrews. Differences exist among Paul(the author of the Book of Hebrews here)’s rendering of the text, the ancient versions, and the original Masoretic Text. However, they are minor copulatives, prepositions, pronouns, or vocabulary substitutions. The text-analytical results of the ancient texts reveal that Paul did not cite the modern critical edition of the Septuagint in Hebrews, but he was tapping into a commonly shared midrash method that was considered the scientific writing way of the time. Different from the ancient documents with understanding beclouded by the Judaism of the intertestamental period, it is found Paul did not show discrepancy from what the original text intended to say. It is because the same Christ who was speaking to Moses or David was involved in this Epistle writing of Paul.