What can the archaeology and history of Ephesus tell us about Paul’s ministry there? By examining the material evidence building by building and then adding layers of cultural and religious history, our aim is to begin to build a picture of the social framework in which Paul and his co-workers ministered. In attempting to understand the religiosity of the Ephesians and their codes of behaviour, we can expand our perspectives on the early Christian communities and ascertain the success of Paul’s missionary endeavours, despite the opposition he faced.