Hospital Staffing and Health Care–Associated Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature

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avondale-bepress-to-dspace.facultyNursing
avondale-bepress-to-dspace.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
avondale-bepress-to-dspace.peer_review_statusPeer reviewed before publication
avondale-bepress.abstract<p><h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0010">Background</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0010">Previous literature has linked the level and types of staffing of health facilities to the risk of acquiring a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/healthcare-associated-infection" title="Learn more about Healthcare-associated Infection">health care–associated infection</a> (HAI). Investigating this relationship is challenging because of the lack of rigorous study designs and the use of varying definitions and measures of both staffing and HAIs. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0015">Methods</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0015">The objective of this study was to understand and synthesize the most recent research on the relationship of hospital staffing and HAI risk. A systematic review was undertaken. Electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/cinahl" title="Learn more about CINAHL">Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature</a> (CINAHL) were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and November 30, 2015. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0020">Results</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0020">Fifty-four articles were included in the review. The majority of studies examined the relationship between nurse staffing and HAIs (<em>n</em> = 50, 92.6%) and found nurse staffing variables to be associated with an increase in HAI rates (<em>n</em> = 40, 74.1%). Only 5 studies addressed non-nurse staffing, and those had mixed results. Physician staffing was associated with an increased HAI risk in 1 of 3 studies. Studies varied in design and methodology, as well as in their use of operational definitions and measures of staffing and HAIs. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0025">Conclusion</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0025">Despite the lack of consistency of the included studies, overall, the results of this systematic review demonstrate that increased staffing is related to decreased risk of acquiring HAIs. More rigorous and consistent research designs, definitions, and risk-adjusted HAI data are needed in future studies exploring this area.</p>
avondale-bepress.articleid1171
avondale-bepress.authorsBrett G Mitchell
avondale-bepress.authorsAnne Gardner
avondale-bepress.authorsPatricia W. Stone
avondale-bepress.authorsLisa Hall
avondale-bepress.authorsMonika Pogorzelska-Maziarz
avondale-bepress.context-key12940017
avondale-bepress.coverpage-urlhttps://research.avondale.edu.au/nh_papers/166
avondale-bepress.document-typearticle
avondale-bepress.field.associated_research_publicationshttps://research.avondale.edu.au/research_documentation/22/
avondale-bepress.field.author_faculty_disciplineNursing
avondale-bepress.field.avon_earlyonline2018-06-13T00:00:00-07:00
avondale-bepress.field.comments<p>Used by permission: the author(s).</p>
avondale-bepress.field.custom_citation<p>Mitchell, B. G., Gardner, A., Stone, P. W., Hall, L., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2018). Hospital staffing and health care–associated infections: A systematic review of the literature. <em>The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 44</em>(10), 613-622. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002</p>
avondale-bepress.field.distribution_licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
avondale-bepress.field.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002
avondale-bepress.field.embargo_date2018-09-25T00:00:00Z
avondale-bepress.field.field_of_education06 Health
avondale-bepress.field.for110309 Infectious Diseases
avondale-bepress.field.issn1553-7250
avondale-bepress.field.issue_number10
avondale-bepress.field.journalThe Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety
avondale-bepress.field.page_numbers613-622
avondale-bepress.field.peer_reviewBefore publication
avondale-bepress.field.publication_date2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
avondale-bepress.field.reportable_itemsC1
avondale-bepress.field.research_centreLifestyle Research Centre
avondale-bepress.field.source_fulltext_urlhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002
avondale-bepress.field.source_publication<p>This article was originally published as:</p> <p>Mitchell, B. G., Gardner, A., Stone, P. W., Hall, L., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2018). Hospital staffing and health care–associated infections: A systematic review of the literature. <em>The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 44</em>(10), 613-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002</p> <p>ISSN: 1553-7250</p>
avondale-bepress.field.staff_classificationPermanent
avondale-bepress.field.volume_number44
avondale-bepress.fulltext-urlhttps://research.avondale.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1171&amp;context=nh_papers&amp;unstamped=1
avondale-bepress.keywordshospitals
avondale-bepress.keywordsstaffing levels
avondale-bepress.keywordshealthcare associated infections
avondale-bepress.label166
avondale-bepress.publication-date2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
avondale-bepress.publication-titleNursing and Health Papers and Journal Articles
avondale-bepress.statepublished
avondale-bepress.submission-date2018-09-25T19:27:55Z
avondale-bepress.submission-pathnh_papers/166
avondale-bepress.titleHospital Staffing and Health Care–Associated Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature
avondale-bepress.typearticle
dc.contributor.authorPogorzelska-Maziarz, Monika
dc.contributor.authorHall, Lisa
dc.contributor.authorStone, Patricia W.
dc.contributor.authorGardner, Anne
dc.contributor.authorMitchell, Brett G.
dc.date.accessioned2023-11-01T00:27:51Z
dc.date.available2023-11-01T00:27:51Z
dc.date.issued2018-10-01
dc.date.submitted2018-09-25T19:27:55Z
dc.description.abstract<p><h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0010">Background</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0010">Previous literature has linked the level and types of staffing of health facilities to the risk of acquiring a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/healthcare-associated-infection" title="Learn more about Healthcare-associated Infection">health care–associated infection</a> (HAI). Investigating this relationship is challenging because of the lack of rigorous study designs and the use of varying definitions and measures of both staffing and HAIs. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0015">Methods</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0015">The objective of this study was to understand and synthesize the most recent research on the relationship of hospital staffing and HAI risk. A systematic review was undertaken. Electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, and the <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-professions/cinahl" title="Learn more about CINAHL">Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature</a> (CINAHL) were searched for studies published between January 1, 2000, and November 30, 2015. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0020">Results</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0020">Fifty-four articles were included in the review. The majority of studies examined the relationship between nurse staffing and HAIs (<em>n</em> = 50, 92.6%) and found nurse staffing variables to be associated with an increase in HAI rates (<em>n</em> = 40, 74.1%). Only 5 studies addressed non-nurse staffing, and those had mixed results. Physician staffing was associated with an increased HAI risk in 1 of 3 studies. Studies varied in design and methodology, as well as in their use of operational definitions and measures of staffing and HAIs. <h3 id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-st0025">Conclusion</h3> <p id="x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-x-sp0025">Despite the lack of consistency of the included studies, overall, the results of this systematic review demonstrate that increased staffing is related to decreased risk of acquiring HAIs. More rigorous and consistent research designs, definitions, and risk-adjusted HAI data are needed in future studies exploring this area.</p>
dc.description.versionBefore publication
dc.identifier.citation<p>Mitchell, B. G., Gardner, A., Stone, P. W., Hall, L., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2018). Hospital staffing and health care–associated infections: A systematic review of the literature. <em>The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 44</em>(10), 613-622. doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002</p>
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002
dc.identifier.issn1553-7250
dc.identifier.urihttps://research.avondale.edu.au/handle/123456789/12940017
dc.language.isoen_us
dc.provenance<p>This article was originally published as:</p> <p>Mitchell, B. G., Gardner, A., Stone, P. W., Hall, L., & Pogorzelska-Maziarz, M. (2018). Hospital staffing and health care–associated infections: A systematic review of the literature. <em>The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 44</em>(10), 613-622. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2018.02.002</p> <p>ISSN: 1553-7250</p>
dc.rights<p>Used by permission: the author(s).</p>
dc.rights.licensehttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.subjecthospitals
dc.subjectstaffing levels
dc.subjecthealthcare associated infections
dc.titleHospital Staffing and Health Care–Associated Infections: A Systematic Review of the Literature
dc.typeJournal Article
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